For You Lot Data - Archaeologists Break Novel Finds From Legendary Swedish Warship

Cannons, paw grenades, together with upwards to a M soldiers were on board the large Swedish warship when it exploded inwards the Baltic Sea, 454 years ago.

Cannons on the send are upwards to 4.8 metres long [Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

The ship, known equally Mars, belonged to the Swedish navy together with was 1 of Northern Europe’s largest together with most feared naval vessels used inwards the Northern Seven Years’ War. The remains were discovered at the bottom of the Baltic Sea inwards 2011, close to the Swedish isle of Öland. The latest discoveries from the wreckage were revealed during a press conference inwards Öland.

“This year, nosotros bring come upwards closer to the people aboard. We flora to a greater extent than skeletal parts, including a femur with trauma merely about the human knee which nosotros believe to stem  from a sharp-edged weapon,” says maritime archeologist Rolf Fabricius Warming, who is 1 of the researchers involved inwards the investigation.

Professional divers investigated the wreck, which sits at the bottom of the sea, seventy metres below body of body of water level 
[Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

“We also flora large guns together with a paw grenade. We tin flame come across from the wreckage that it was a rattling intense together with tough battle. Between 800 together with 1,000 men were on board. That is comparable to the population of an entire medium-sized town at the time. Most of them died inwards the explosion or when the send sank into the watery depths,” he says.

The send contained silvery treasure

Researchers had previously discovered silvery treasure alongside the Mars wreckage. This time, 1 of the most spectacular finds was a large grapnel (grappling hook) an anchor-like hook, which hung from the bowsprits of warships together with was used to cling onto some other ships inwards lodge to board it.

Divers flora a paw grenade likely made of ceramic [Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

Grapnels are illustrated inwards historical sources from the 16th century, but no actual surviving examples are known apart from this especial one, says Warming.

“It’s totally unique. Together with other exciting finds, it tin flame shed novel lite on Medieval together with Early Modern naval warfare. ,” he says, together with adds that the divers also flora remains of possible arms together with armour, including helmets together with swords.

Danish together with Lübeckian soldiers were on board

Mars sunk due to a gunpowder explosion at the front end of the ship. But soon before, it had been nether assail yesteryear Danish together with Lübeckian warships according to written sources.

Divers flora weapons together with skeletal remains, along with utensils, which were role of the crew’s 
everyday life aboard the ship. They could canvas for months at a time, says Rolf Warming 
[Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

“Soldiers fought with paw grenades, lances, together with spears, which they threw downwards from the masts. The fighting was structured together with carefully calculated but an absolute ruckus” says Warming.

Danish soldiers, allied with soldiers from Lübeck, managed to defeat the Swedish crew together with capture the warship. When the send exploded together with sank, it had iii to 4 hundred Dano-Lübeckian soldiers aboard.

A Swedish alter of tactics

The novel exam of the Mars shipwreck provides novel insights into the events that took house betwixt Kingdom of Denmark together with Sweden during the Northern Seven Years’ War betwixt 1563 together with 1570.

The well-preserved wreck was discovered inwards 2011 [Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

They bring documented a alter inwards Swedish tactics from a focus on unopen quarter combat to long distance fighting, equally indicated yesteryear large cannons upwards to 4.8 metres long.

Despite the large cannons, the Swedish crew did non deal to avoid engaging inwards unopen quarter combat with their enemies. The soldiers aboard were positioned underneath a internet that covered the deck together with was designed to foreclose the enemy from jumping on board – a so-called anti-boarding net.

The wreckage is then deep that divers tin flame only remain downwards at this depth for xl minutes at a time 
[Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

“We know close the usage of anti-boarding nets inwards this battle from richly detailed written sources. The Swedish Admiral, Jacob Bagge, describes inwards his ain employment organization human relationship of the battle how he was injured inwards the shoulder yesteryear a javelin thrown from 1 of the fighting tops of the enemy ships. t. We are told he became furious together with began shooting at those who had injured him with arquebuses then that they cruel into the internet below,” says Warming.

A snapshot of a minute inwards time

Until 2011, historians relied on written sources for information close what happened to Mars, including letters from the Danish admiral Herluf Trolle together with the Swedish admiral Jacob Bagge, together with official imperial documents. But the shipwreck provides an exclusively unlike type of documentation.

Divers celluloid the wreckage for scientists to stance later. From this footage, they bring made a 3D-model of the wreck 
[Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

“There’s some ‘fake news’ inwards the written sources. Many people wanted to claim the laurels of defeating the Mars for diverse political reasons. But when nosotros report the wreckage itself nosotros come across a large congruency betwixt the wreck site together with the historical sources. One of the most hitting observations was that it actually was sunk yesteryear a large explosion. It was then tearing that the front end of the send lies xl metres away from the other remains,” says Warming.

For maritime archeologist Mikkel Thomsen from the Viking Ship Museum, Denmark, looking at the good preserved, together with consummate remains captures a snapshot of a minute inwards time.

Mars was built yesteryear Eric XIV inwards 1563. It was 1 of the largest together with most modern warships of its time
[Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

“You actually experience that you’re inwards the killing fields,” says Thomsen, who was non involved inwards the study. “The wreckage gives a snapshot of a slice of military machine together with political history. It’s also an international history equally the Seven Years’ War was fought across national boundaries,” he says.

Divers filmed the shipwreck

The Mars remains lay seventy metres beneath the surface of the Baltic Sea—so deep that researchers could non larn downwards themselves to investigate. Instead, professional person divers together with ROVs were deployed to celluloid the wreck.

The footage together with recordings were used to exercise 3D-models of the wreck together with the artefacts flora on the site.

Artillery of the Mars warship [Credit: Kirill Egorov/Ocean Discovery/Mars Project]

Scientists together with divers bring non been granted permission to acquit on or take away anything from the wreck or nearby, which mightiness hold upwards for the best, according to Thomsen.

“The Baltic Sea has extremely skillful preservation conditions. The H2O is depression inwards oxygen, cold, together with fresh. So deadening worms that are commonly the greatest threat to forest cannot alive there,” says Thomsen.

Lifting the remains out of the H2O would Pb to breakdown together with harm of the materials, he says.

A 3D- model of the shipwreck [Credit: Ocean Discovery/Ingemar Lundgren]

“Moreover, it would hold upwards rattling hard together with extremely expensive to call upwards it from such deep water,” says Thomsen.

The exploration of Mars was carried out yesteryear researchers from the Marine Research Institute MARIS at Södertörn University inwards Sweden, together with divers from the diving organization GUE, Västervik Museum, Ocean Discovery, together with MMT.

Fifteen divers together with 10 researchers bring participated inwards the latest exploration of the ship.

Author: Anne Ringgaard | Source: ScienceNordic [July 23, 2018]

This article was originally published yesteryear ScienceNordic. Read the original article. 



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