Salt has been mined at Hallstatt since the Bronze Age, including for the preservation of pork meat. Bone fragments too teeth constitute inwards the expanse render prove of an organized meat industry, peculiarly of pork. Residual deoxyribonucleic acid inwards these prehistoric specimens tin expose information nigh the genetic origins of the pigs. Using a specially developed method, researchers from Vetmeduni Vienna too the Vienna Natural History Museum extracted too analysed the prehistoric DNA. Their study, published inwards BMC Research Notes, shows that the Bronze Age Hallstatt pigs were genetically European.
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| Ancient deoxyribonucleic acid analysis genetically identified Bronze Age Hallstatt pigs equally European |
[Credit: Sabine Hammer/Vetmeduni Vienna] The Hallstatt percentage is an internationally renowned World Heritage site. But the existent treasure hither is – too has been since the Bronze Age – the tabular array salt that is extracted inwards the mines nigh the town. One argue is that Hallstatt tabular array salt is ideal for the preservation of meat without the green refrigeration. Because of this, a lucrative meat production manufacture developed inwards the percentage quite early.
The Bronze Age inhabitants of Hallstatt had pigs – but what sort of pigs?
Excavations equally good equally os fragments too teeth attest peculiarly to the presence of pork meat production inwards the Hallstatt percentage during the Bronze Age. Genetic information obtained from these specimens makes it is possible to to a greater extent than just engagement the visual evidence. The specimens frequently comprise plenty balance deoxyribonucleic acid to position the exact species of pigs that were processed here. But extracting prehistoric deoxyribonucleic acid requires special methods to hold out used.
Sabine Hammer from the Institute of Immunology at Vetmeduni Vienna too her colleagues at the Natural History Museum managed to extract mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid from porcine teeth equally a get-go stride to identifying the species of pigs that were processed at Hallstatt during the Bronze Age. The analysis showed that the collected samples belong almost but to the so-called European haplogroup.
Adapted method shows Hallstatt pigs were European
Visually determining too dating a species based on os fragments or teeth is no longer the but agency to position archaeological samples. The decision of the genetic and, consequently, geographic origins provides valuable information nigh the keeping or breeding of livestock inwards early on human history. What is needed is a source of prehistoric deoxyribonucleic acid of sufficient character to hold out extracted too analysed.
Hammer too her colleagues managed to suit the available approaches inwards guild to genetically decide the get-go samples. "We were able to extract plenty mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid for a so-called marking analysis from 7 of the chosen samples," the get-go writer explains. "We performed a calculator analysis to compare the deoxyribonucleic acid sequences decoded inwards this agency amongst previously published deoxyribonucleic acid codes. The number was clear for all of the samples except one. It appears that but pigs that belong, genetically seen, to the European ancestors were processed."
Modern pigs tin hold out placed into i of 2 haplogroups inwards which for sure genetic variations tin hold out traced through development to a mutual ancestor. "Pigs tin hold out divided into an Asian too a European haplogroup," explains Hammer. "Our findings showed half-dozen of the samples to hold out clearly of European origin." Just i sample revealed an intermediate haplotype betwixt the 2 groups.
Additional tests could render geographic data
"These findings are a get-go stride towards showing that pigs for meat production were kept too bred inwards too around Hallstatt," explains Hammer. This geographic supposition must soundless hold out confirmed through additional sampling. It appears clear, however, that non but the farmed animals but equally good wild boars that were hunted for the early on Hallstatt meat manufacture had European ancestors. The specially developed method, confirmed past times the results of this study, volition care to decode additional marking genes for a to a greater extent than comprehensive analysis inwards the future. "The of import thing, however, is that deoxyribonucleic acid of sufficient character must hold out extracted from the excavated samples," says Hammer. Only too thence volition it hold out possible to clearly map out too geographically assign the specimens.
Source: University of Veterinary Medicine - Vienna [June 12, 2018]
Sumber http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com
The Bronze Age inhabitants of Hallstatt had pigs – but what sort of pigs?
Excavations equally good equally os fragments too teeth attest peculiarly to the presence of pork meat production inwards the Hallstatt percentage during the Bronze Age. Genetic information obtained from these specimens makes it is possible to to a greater extent than just engagement the visual evidence. The specimens frequently comprise plenty balance deoxyribonucleic acid to position the exact species of pigs that were processed here. But extracting prehistoric deoxyribonucleic acid requires special methods to hold out used.
Sabine Hammer from the Institute of Immunology at Vetmeduni Vienna too her colleagues at the Natural History Museum managed to extract mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid from porcine teeth equally a get-go stride to identifying the species of pigs that were processed at Hallstatt during the Bronze Age. The analysis showed that the collected samples belong almost but to the so-called European haplogroup.
Adapted method shows Hallstatt pigs were European
Visually determining too dating a species based on os fragments or teeth is no longer the but agency to position archaeological samples. The decision of the genetic and, consequently, geographic origins provides valuable information nigh the keeping or breeding of livestock inwards early on human history. What is needed is a source of prehistoric deoxyribonucleic acid of sufficient character to hold out extracted too analysed.
Hammer too her colleagues managed to suit the available approaches inwards guild to genetically decide the get-go samples. "We were able to extract plenty mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid for a so-called marking analysis from 7 of the chosen samples," the get-go writer explains. "We performed a calculator analysis to compare the deoxyribonucleic acid sequences decoded inwards this agency amongst previously published deoxyribonucleic acid codes. The number was clear for all of the samples except one. It appears that but pigs that belong, genetically seen, to the European ancestors were processed."
Modern pigs tin hold out placed into i of 2 haplogroups inwards which for sure genetic variations tin hold out traced through development to a mutual ancestor. "Pigs tin hold out divided into an Asian too a European haplogroup," explains Hammer. "Our findings showed half-dozen of the samples to hold out clearly of European origin." Just i sample revealed an intermediate haplotype betwixt the 2 groups.
Additional tests could render geographic data
"These findings are a get-go stride towards showing that pigs for meat production were kept too bred inwards too around Hallstatt," explains Hammer. This geographic supposition must soundless hold out confirmed through additional sampling. It appears clear, however, that non but the farmed animals but equally good wild boars that were hunted for the early on Hallstatt meat manufacture had European ancestors. The specially developed method, confirmed past times the results of this study, volition care to decode additional marking genes for a to a greater extent than comprehensive analysis inwards the future. "The of import thing, however, is that deoxyribonucleic acid of sufficient character must hold out extracted from the excavated samples," says Hammer. Only too thence volition it hold out possible to clearly map out too geographically assign the specimens.
Source: University of Veterinary Medicine - Vienna [June 12, 2018]
Sumber http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com
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