Many wild too cultivated plants arise through the combination of ii dissimilar species. The genome of these so-called polyploid species oft consists of a quadruple laid upwardly of chromosomes - a double laid upwardly for each parental species - too thence has virtually twice every bit many genes every bit the master copy species. About fifty years ago, evolutionary biologists postulated that this procedure drives evolution, leading to novel species. Due to the size too complexity of such genomes, however, proving this theory on a genetic marker has been difficult.
 |
| The found species Arabidopsis kamchatica, which belongs to the rockcress genus, originated from the combination of ii species [Credit: Lucas Mohn, UZH] |
An international squad of researches headed upwardly yesteryear Timothy Paape too Kentaro Shimizu from the Department of Evolutionary Biology too Environmental Studies of the University of Zurich (UZH) has instantly been able to furnish the experimental confirmation of this theory. To create so, the scientists from Switzerland too Nippon used found species Arabidopsis kamchatica, which is business office of the rockcress genus. They sequenced the genome of 25 dissimilar individuals of the polyploid species from diverse regions of the world, every bit good every bit xviii dissimilar individuals of its parental species inwards social club to written report its natural genetic diversity.
Genomes sequenced thank you lot to latest technologies
Arabidopsis kamchatica arose through the natural hybridization of the ii parental species A. halleri too A. lyrata betwixt 65,000 too 145,000 years ago. With 450 1000000 base of operations pairs, its genome is somewhat small-scale for a polyploid plant, simply soundless real complex. Using state-of-the-art sequencing methods too technology scientific discipline every bit good every bit bioinformatics tools, the researchers were able to decide the genetic sequence of the found individuals.
Advantageous genetic mutations inwards improver to spare copies
Due to the large amount of genetic information, A. kamchatica is meliorate equipped to conform to novel environmental conditions. "With these results, nosotros accept demonstrated on a molecular-genetic marker that genome duplications tin positively touching on the adaptability of organisms," says found scientist Timothy Paape. The multiple cistron copies enable the found to assume advantageous mutations piece keeping an master copy re-create of of import genes.
Astonishing broad spread
The usefulness of the double genome for A. kamchatica tin move seen inwards its wider distribution - at both depression too high height - compared alongside its parental plants. Its habitat ranges from Taiwan, Nippon too the Russian Far East to Alaska too the Pacific Northwest portion of the United States. "Knowing the genomic too evolutionary context also helps us empathise how genetic variety allows plants to conform to changing environmental conditions," says Kentaro Shimizu.
The interrogation was late published Nature Communications.
Source: University of Zurich [September 25, 2018]
Sumber http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com
Buat lebih berguna, kongsi:
