For You Lot Data - The Umov Effect: Infinite Dust Clouds Too The Mysteries Of The Universe

FEFU scientists are developing a methodology to calculate the ratio of dust together with gas inward comas together with tails of comets. This volition assist larn to a greater extent than nigh the history of the Solar System together with its development, as good as empathise the processes that took business office on unlike stages of universal evolution.

This is Comet17P/Holmes seen yesteryear the Hubble Space Telescope [Credit: NASA, ESA, H. Weaver, A. Dyer]

H5N1 squad of scientists from the Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) nether the supervision of the astrophysicist Evgenij Zubko, Ph.D., a Pb scientist of the School of Natural Sciences at FEFU is trying to solve a telephone substitution occupation of modern astrophysics which is to assess the reflectivity of cosmic dust particles, their mightiness to scatter sunlight (or, to a greater extent than generally, star light). To attain so, the scientists report the eye characteristics of dust particles inward the comae together with tails of comets.

The methodology nether evolution is based on the Umov final result - an inverse correlation betwixt the reflectivity of a trunk together with the flat of linear polarization of low-cal scattered yesteryear it. The brighter is an object, the lower polarization it produces. This relation was start formulated yesteryear the Russian physicist Nikolay Umov inward 1905.

According to Evgenij Zubko, previously the Umov final result was studied exclusively for surfaces, such as regolite (Moon surface) together with the surfaces of asteroids. The explanation of this final result given inward 1960-1970s, excluded its application to unmarried dust particles that comprise the regolite. However, the squad concluded that the Umov final result is almost as applicable to private particles together with surfaces inward general.

Previously the researchers concluded that the Umov final result holds inward a homogenous lean cloud of infinite dust. In the article published inward the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society the scientists suggested that this physical final result could endure also applicable to clouds consisting of 2 types of dust particles which is feature of comae together with tails of comets. The Umov final result is also expected to endure observed inward a three-component clouds of cosmic dust that is to a greater extent than typical for protoplanetary disks.

This is Comet Garradd together with the Coat Hanger [Credit: Rogelio Bernal Andreo]

After studying the flat of linear polarization acquired yesteryear sunlight when it is scattered yesteryear cometary dust particles, scientists are able to give reliable estimation of the particles' albedo or reflectivity. This feature is an extremely of import for retrieval the full book of dust expelled from a comet. The latter parameter allows the scientists to improve the existing methods of estimation of the dust-to-gas book ratio inward cometary comae. This is ane of the most of import feature of a cometary evolution - for example, it could betoken the house inward the Solar System inward which the comet was formed.

"Knowing the ratio betwixt the volumes of ejected dust together with gas, nosotros tin halt ameliorate empathise the evolutionary stages passed yesteryear unlike comets together with the circumstances of the Solar-System formation. However, acre it is tardily to calculate the book of gas inward a comet, inward instance of dust particles this is much to a greater extent than complicated," said Evgenij Zubko. "When nosotros mensurate the sunlight reflected yesteryear the coma, nosotros necessitate to empathise the number of dust particles that contribute to the sunlight scattering. Their albedo or reflectivity is the key information nosotros require to respond this question. However, unlike dust particles also bear differently, together with the departure inward the reflectivity of nighttime together with vivid particles inward comets may move on 10 times. This is a mutual number exhibit that also arises inward other areas of astrophysics, such as the evaluation of thing volumes inward protoplanetary disks to a greater extent than or less other stars.

We strive to empathise the value of this albedo together with role additional methods to attain together with so - inward particular, polarimetry to mensurate the flat of linear polarization and, thus, holler back the reflectivity of cometary dust particles based on the Umov effect."

There is even together with so a lot to endure discovered inward the course of report of this work. "We are literally chasing a ghost," says the scientist. He also pointed out that to attain a breakthrough inward this expanse of studies, groups of astrophysicists from unlike parts of the basis had to extensively collaborate.

The analysis methodology based on the Umov final result may endure farther used inward other areas also the studies of comets. It may serve as a key to agreement the processes of formation together with evolution of other planetary systems together with thus the Solar System as well.

According to Evgenij Zubko, the value of the Umov final result for the scientific discipline inward full general is as high as the importance of the spectral analysis method developed yesteryear Gustav Kirchhoff. While the spectral analysis helps us empathise the chemic composition of distant bodies based on the low-cal reflected from them, the Umov final result allows to evaluate their size fifty-fifty if they look similar a dot to an observer.

Source: Far Eastern Federal Univeristy [August 08, 2018]


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