H5N1 squad of Kurdish together with Italian archaeologists believe they are on rail to proving the site of Nurrugum inwards southeastern Duhok tell is what scholars already recognize every bit Gomel that has been settled for at to the lowest degree nine millennia.
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| View of Tel Gomel, peradventure the site of the battle of Gaugamela [Credit: Terra di Ninive] |
Guagamela (or Tel Gomel/Gammagara/Gir-e Gomel) is located 52 kilometers northwest of the Kurdistan Region’s upper-case alphabetic lineament metropolis of Erbil nigh Bardarash. Inhabitation tin dismiss survive proven inwards the Neolithic Period together with continues upwardly to the Ottoman Period together with introduce day, making it ane of the oldest continuously-inhabited sites inwards the percentage — dating at to the lowest degree 9,000 years.
The squad hopes inwards the futurity to examine the link amongst a regain of cuneiform tablets similar their High German colleagues did inwards Mardaman, said Morandi Bonacossi, a professor inwards the Department of Humanities together with Cultural Heritage at the University of Udine.
During the dry out belatedly summertime season, teams of archaeologists from around the Blue Planet choose flocked to Republic of Iraq together with the Kurdistan Region next the overthrow of the Saddam Hussein regime.
“We know from the Syriac manuscripts of the twelfth century AD that the advert of Guagamela at those times 800 years agone was Gogomel. The modern advert of the site is Gomel,” said Morandi Bonacossi.
“There is a straight link from the linguistic point-of-view betwixt the modern advert of the site together with the Syriac, the Greek, together with the Assyrian name," he added.
They believe Guagamela was in all likelihood called Gammagara inwards the Neo-Assyrian (about 1000-612 BC) together with afterward periods. The latter advert has been constitute on inscriptions on the Jerwan Aqueduct inwards present-day northern Nineveh province, where Assyrian King Sennacherib built the Atrush Canal to convey H2O to his empire.
"(I am) Sennacherib, manlike mortal monarch of the world, manlike mortal monarch of Assyria. For a long distance, adding to it the H2O of the 2 Ḫazur Rivers, the H2O of the river Pulpullia, the H2O of the town Ḫanusa, the H2O of the town Gammagara, (and) the H2O of the mount springs to the correct together with left at its sides, I had a canal dug to the meadows of Nineveh. Over deep-cut wadis, I had a duo of white rock blocks made, (and) those waters I caused to top over it,” reads the inscription.
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| Bones dating from an Early Bronze Age (2600-2350 BC) cemetery at the Operation 1 site [Credit: LoNAP] |
“This was ane of the most of import battles of ancient times because it marks the first of all of the Hellenistic catamenia together with and thus the collapse of the Western Farsi Empire together with the rising of the large empire of Alexander the Great,” said Morandi Bonacossi. “The largest empire inwards the Blue Planet at those times.”
They had 3 operations inwards 2018. One covered the Early Bronze Age (2600 BC) that spanned into the belatedly 20th century AD.
“What is real interesting is that this expanse used to survive cemetery, the necropolis, the burial house of the dead people from the metropolis of Guagamela,” said Morandi Bonacossi.
All of the bodies discovered were accompanied past times vessels containing offerings for the dead including the cooked bones of sheep together with birds.
“These are the graves that nosotros choose constitute together with they are real interesting graves because they are cremation burials, which are non real typical for the Assyrian catamenia because typical Assyrian were inhumations (grave burials) — elementary pits inwards the reason inwards which the trunk was placed," explained Morandi Bonacossi.
As they dug, Morandi Bonacossi's squad discovered to a greater extent than burial sites: “And underneath the cemetery of the Assyrian catamenia nosotros choose constitute another to a greater extent than monumental cemetery made amongst graves made of bricks, which dates betwixt 1700-1550 BC."
It contains a vaulted burial sleeping accommodation “particularly rich together with especially large.”
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| A vaulted together with at the fourth dimension costly burial sleeping accommodation discovered during the dig [Credit: LoNAP] |
“This is a real of import catamenia for us archaeologists because it is the catamenia inwards which all this percentage of northern Iraq, large urban centers, real large cities emerged," said Morandi Bonacossi.
"In these cities at that topographic point were local urban elite who controlled the regime of these large towns. These people were buried inwards the cemetery that nosotros are excavating now. This is the most of import grave that nosotros choose constitute this year."
They took reason samples dorsum to Italy to ship out chemic analysis inwards hopes of agreement what type of nutrient the vessels contained. When archaeologists empathise the diet of peoples, they tin dismiss hypothesize together with examine how they lived, whether they were nomadic or agrarian, etc.
“It must choose been for an of import mortal inwards the city,” he said. “Baked bricks at that fourth dimension were a real expensive edifice fabric because usually buildings were built using sun-dried bricks.”
The archaeologists choose worked to a greater extent than closely amongst officials inwards Kurdistan after the events of Oct 16, 2017, every bit safety remains a draw of piece of job concern inwards disputed areas of Nineveh.
“We choose started this articulation Italian-Kurdish expedition amongst our friends,” emphasized Morandi Bonacossi, naming tens of individuals from the Kurdistan Region who choose worked on the project.
Bonacossi Morandi directs the Land of Nineveh Archaeological Project (LoNAP) that involves the Kurdistan Regional Government, including Duhok Province's Directorate of Antiquities. His academy together with the Italian Embassy inwards Baghdad together with Consulate inwards Erbil also back upwardly the initiative.
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| Vessels were constitute around the bodies inwards the burial sites. They contained cooked creature bones, believed to survive an offering for the dead [Credit: LoNAP] |
The minute functioning spanned the Middle Bronze Age (2000 BC) to the Parthian catamenia (300 AD). The 3rd covered the Late Chalcolithic 1-2 catamenia (4500 BC) to the Middle Assyrian catamenia (1000 BC).
They volition provide inwards 2019 together with ship a deeper dig at Gir-e Gomel.
"We all know that Kurdistan's history has been distorted past times the occupiers of Kurdistan. It has been rewritten. Our excavations amongst unusual teams are to let on the truth of the history together with culture of Kurdistan for all the people of Kurdistan," said Qassim.
Guagamela "was especially of import inwards the catamenia betwixt 2,500-2,000 BC together with betwixt 2,000-1,600 BC," according to Morandi Bonacossi.
“We don’t choose real much information, simply some beautiful texts which were constitute inwards the metropolis of Mari [present twenty-four hours Syria] hither together with inwards the metropolis of Shemshara [or Shusharra] here. They plow over us some information on the history of the percentage where nosotros are during the first of all one-half of the minute millennium," said Morandi Bonacossi.
“We know that the percentage of Duhok during this catamenia was occupied past times neat kingdoms, the Kingdom of Nurrugum together with to the S inwards the percentage of Erbil, the Kingdom of Qabra," he added.
Qabra, unopen to Erbil, is beingness excavated past times a USA expedition.
Author: Chris Johannes | Source: Rudaw [October 18, 2018]
Sumber http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com
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