For Y'all Data - Medieval Castle Discovered Inwards Poland's Żelechów

We wanted to notice some other Malbork, as well as nosotros found… Biskupin, tell discoverers of the belatedly medieval castle inwards Żelechów (Mazowieckie). It was the topographic point of the noble Ciołek family; its wooden elements take away maintain been preserved to this day.

Credit: M. Legut-Pintal

The search for the castle inwards Żelechów lasted several years. Historians knew from a few mentions that in that location used to live a stronghold inwards this expanse inwards the Middle Ages. Now — thank you lot to the role of air Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation scanning as well as other methods that practice non fifty-fifty take away driving the blade into the basis — they exactly located the lost structure. It is located north-west of the Żelechów marketplace square, close fishponds.

“We knew that the castle existed, although information well-nigh its location, size as well as construction was non preserved anywhere”, says the archaeological projection leader Wojciech Bis from the Institute of Archaeology as well as Ethnology PAS.

The historian involved inwards the project, Michał Zbieranowski from the Institute of History PAS emphasizes that the castle was the topographic point of the Ciołek family. “Unfortunately, nosotros practice non take away maintain a lot of information well-nigh it, because written sources were burned at the halt of World War II”, he adds.

In previous years, researchers located remains of the structure. Small scale excavations started end year, just solely this year`s digs brought surprising results. “We wanted to notice some other Malbork, as well as nosotros found… some other Biskupin”, says Zbieranowski.

Credit: P. Cembrzyński

Credit: W. Bis

This, of course, is non a reference to the historic menstruum of the castle (which is well-nigh 2,200 years younger than the i inwards Biskupin) — just to the textile from which it was built.

Scientists previously believed that in that location were massive brick or rock remains of the object’s foundations underground. That decision was based on the results of geophysical research. But excavations revealed something else. “It turned out that the complex was non surrounded yesteryear a wall, solely a rampart reinforced alongside rock structures. Many elements of wooden buildings take away maintain been exposed. They are rattling good preserved, specially the foundations of some houses to a greater extent than or less the castle’s court. This is due to the high degree of basis water, which it makes our move difficult, just preserves organic material”, says Bis.

The preserved elements include door seats, beams forming external walls as well as traces of fixing boards to internal walls.

“Oak beams take away maintain been preserved as well as then good that you lot tin dismiss teach the impression that it is a modern structure”, emphasises Zbieranowski. Expert analysis allowed to exactly decide the historic menstruum of woods used for construction — it comes from approx. 1466.

Credit: W. Bis

Credit: W. Bis

“When nosotros imagine a 'castle', nosotros encounter a stronghold made of rock or bricks, just they were non e'er made of these materials! In the Middle Ages, wood-and-earth fortifications worked every bit well. In the representative of Mazowsze, it was slowly to obtain rattling durable oak wood, which was easily accessible inwards that area”, says Bis.

Thanks to the latest research, nosotros directly know that the topographic point of the Ciołek menage unit of measurement had a regular, four-sided shape. Over time, it was expanded as well as enlarged. At firstly it was an object well-nigh 50 yesteryear 50 meters, after — 85 yesteryear ninety meters. Defences of the fortress included a wide, moisture moat surrounding the whole complex. For now, archaeologists take away maintain carried out excavations inwards a pocket-sized area. Although most of the structures inside the fort were built of wood, inwards i house the researchers as good establish massive rock foundations.

“These could live the remains of a brick mansion of the possessor of this fort”, Bis suggests.

Stove tiles are amidst the objects that betoken that the fortress had wealthy inhabitants. Various as well as decorated tiles betoken that in that location were to the lowest degree several furnaces inwards the living quarters. Similar monuments are known from other mansions of nobles. “Tiles alongside like ornamentation are known from Podlasie, from the courtroom of King Sigismund II Augustus inwards Knyszyn, as good as the castle inwards Tykocin”, says Bis.

Credit: W. Bis

The castle was non lucky. It was likely founded presently aster 1450, just it was likely abandoned already inwards the kickoff of the 16th century. According to the scientists, feuds betwixt the magnates contributed to this. The topographic point of the Ciołek menage unit of measurement was temporarily taken over yesteryear Feliks from Zielanka.

“We take away maintain uncovered numerous traces of burning, burnt fragments of vessels, as well as fifty-fifty a cannonball. These could live traces of attempts to take away maintain dorsum the castle yesteryear the Ciołeks. We promise that the excavations planned for the side yesteryear side years volition shed novel lite on this issue”, adds Zbieranowski.

Researchers as good promise that their move volition attention alter the picture of this share of Mazowsze inwards the Middle Ages as well as inwards the early on modern period. Until now, likely due to the shortage of written sources as well as the lack of archaeological research, it was to a greater extent than oftentimes than non believed that solely a few people lived inwards this expanse at that time. Meanwhile, the preliminary champaign survey researchers shows that in that location may live at to the lowest degree several similar, unknown as well as fortified residences from this menstruum inwards this area.

Author: Szymon Zdziebłowski | Source: PAP - Science inwards Poland [November 02, 2018]


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